Demak Great Mosque (Indonesian: Masjid Agung Demak) is one of the oldest mosques in Indonesia, located in the center town of Demak, Central Java, Indonesia. The mosque is believed to have been built by the Wali Songo (“Nine Muslim Saints”) with the most prominent figure, Sunan Kalijaga, during the first Demak Sultanate ruler, Raden Patah, during the 15th century.^[1]

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Although it has had several renovations, it is thought to be largely in its original form except for the addition of a verandah or surambi in the nineteenth century.^[2] It is a classic example of a traditional Javanese mosque. Unlike mosques in the Middle East, the Demak Great Mosque is built from timber. Rather than a dome, which did not appear in Indonesian mosques until the 19th century, the roof is tiered and supported by four saka guru teak pillars. The tiered roof shows many similarities with wooden religious structures from the Hindu–Buddhist civilizations of Java and Bali. The main entrance of Masjid Agung Demak consists of two doors carved with motifs of plants, vases, crowns, and an animal head with an open wide-toothed mouth. It is said that the picture depicts the manifested thunder caught by Ki Ageng Selo, hence their name Lawang Bledheg (the doors of thunder). Like other mosques of that era, its orientation towards Mecca is only approximate.^[3]

Its walls contain Vietnamese ceramics. With their shapes derived from conventions of Javanese woodcarving and brickwork, they are thought to have been specially ordered. The use of ceramic rather than stone is thought to have been in imitation of the mosques of Persia.^[4]

• Demak Great Mosque, Java in 1810, KITLV 29489
• Masjid Agung Demak, end of 19th century
• 1920-1939
• August 2016
• Minaret, August 2016

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• Islam in Indonesia
• Indonesian architecture